Published in 1940, the MMPI was the first comprehensive test that was data-driven, that largely did away with theory, and it was first calibrated by asking inpatient and outpatient individuals of psychiatric hospitals with well-known conditions to answer the test as they would if honest.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is the most used personality test in clinical settings in the United States it is also the only personality test the results of which are recognized and used by that country's courts of law. Both the long and short forms of the MMPI-2 but not the MMPI-A commonly given to adolescents are available through this link.
